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  • Evaluation and Management of Hyponatremia in Heart Failure
    Purpose of Review To provide a contemporary overview of the pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of hyponatremia in heart failure (HF) Recent Findings Potassium and magnesium losses due to poor nutritional intake and treatment with diuretics cause an intracellular sodium shift in HF that may contribute to hyponatremia Impaired renal blood flow leading to a lower glomerular filtration
  • Hyponatremia Associated with Heart Failure: Pathological Role of . . . - MDPI
    An exaggerated increase in circulatory plasma volume is linked to organ disorders such as congestive heart failure, decompensated liver cirrhosis and nephrotic syndrome, in which non-osmotic release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) is associated with an increase in water permeability in cells of the renal collecting duct [1,2] Sustained AVP-dependent antidiuresis produces water retention, thus
  • Review Vasopressin dysregulation: Hyponatremia, fluid retention and . . .
    Arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays a central role in the regulation of water and electrolyte balance Dysregulation of AVP secretion, along with stimulation of AVP V 2 receptors, is responsible for hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration < 135 mEq L) in congestive heart failure (CHF) The stimulation of atrial and arterial baroreceptors in response to hypotension and volume depletion results in
  • Hyponatremia in patients with heart failure - UpToDate
    Like most other causes of hyponatremia, heart failure (with either reduced or preserved ejection fraction) impairs the ability to excrete ingested water by increasing antidiuretic hormone levels When cardiac output and systemic blood pressure are reduced, "hypovolemic" hormones, such as renin (with a subsequent increase in angiotensin II formation), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and
  • Water and sodium regulation in chronic heart failure: the role of . . .
    This is thought to occur as a result of non-osmotic release of vasopressin Non-osmotic release of vasopressin results from disturbances in circulatory homeostasis detected by the high-pressure mechanoreceptors described earlier Arterial under-filling results in a release in the inhibition of the hypothalamus from neuromodulatory impulses
  • Hyponatremia in Patients with Heart Failure beyond the Neurohormonal . . .
    Heart failure (HF) is a relatively frequent cause of hyponatremia [2] Conversely, hyponatremia may affect up to one-third of patients with HF [3-5] The main underlying mechanism of HF-related hyponatremia is the enhanced non-osmotic release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) due to effective circulating volume depletion
  • Pathophysiology of Hyponatremia in Heart Failure| SAMSCA® (tolvaptan)
    Reduced cardiac output in heart failure stimulates the release of vasopressin, resulting in elevated levels of circulating vasopressin 1; Because vasopressin reduces the excretion of free water, elevated levels of vasopressin may contribute to the development of hyponatremia in heart failure patients 1; Role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
  • Hyponatremia in Heart Failure | Ten Points to Remember
    The following are 10 summary points to remember about this review article on hyponatremia in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF): Hyponatremia (serum sodium ; 135 mEq L) is present in about 20% of ADHF patients upon admission ; The pathophysiology of hyponatremia in ADHF is more often dilutional rather than depletional (the latter is due to sodium wasting diuretics)
  • Hyponatremia Associated with Congestive Heart Failure . . . - MDPI
    Hyponatremia is frequently found in patients with congestive heart failure A reduction in effective circulatory blood volume in a volume-expanded patient with decreased cardiac output is linked to a baroreceptor-mediated non-osmotic release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) The increased production of AVP and salt and water retention in the proximal and distal tubules of the kidney by humoral
  • Vasopressin dysregulation: Hyponatremia, fluid retention and congestive . . .
    Arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays a central role in the regulation of water and electrolyte balance Dysregulation of AVP secretion, along with stimulation of AVP V2 receptors, is responsible for hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration <135 mEq L) in congestive heart failure (CHF) The stimulation of atrial and arterial baroreceptors in response to hypotension and volume depletion results in
  • Evaluation and Management of Hyponatremia in Heart Failure - Springer
    Pathophysiology of Hyponatremia in Heart Failure Serum Sodium Concentration and Plasma Osmolality Under normal circumstances, plasma osmolality is strictly regulated within a close range (i e , 275–295 mOsm L), as the brains can poorly cope with osmotic stress Indeed, brain tissue swells when hypotonicity is present (creating
  • Hyponatraemia in heart failure: time for new solutions? | Heart
    Hyponatraemia is very common in heart failure (HF), especially in decompensated patients It is associated with increased mortality and morbidity and considered a marker of advanced disease Recognition of hyponatraemia and its causes may help guide treatment strategy Historically, therapy has primarily focused on water restriction, decongestion with loop diuretics in case of volume overload





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