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microcode    音标拼音: [m'ɑɪkrok,od]
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microcode
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microcode
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microcode
n 1: (computer science) coded instructions that are stored
permanently in read-only memory [synonym: {firmware},
{microcode}]

A technique for implementing the {instruction
set} of a processor as a sequence of microcode instructions
("microinstructions"), each of which typically consists of a
(large) number of bit fields and the address of the next
microinstruction to execute. Each bit field controls some
specific part of the processor's operation, such as a gate
which allows some {functional unit} to drive a value onto the
{bus} or the operation to be performed by the {ALU}. Several
microinstructions will usually be required to fetch, decode
and execute each {machine code} instruction
("{macroinstruction}"). The microcode may also be responsible
for {polling} for hardware {interrupts} between each
macroinstruction. Writing microcode is known as
"microprogramming".

Microcode may be classified as "horizontally encoded" or
"vertically encoded". Horizontal microcode is as described
above where there is a fairly direct correspondence between
the bit fields in a microinstruction and the control signals
sent to the various parts of the CPU. Not all combinations of
bits will be valid (e.g. two units driving the bus at once).
Vertical microcode is closer to {machine code} because a bit
field value may pass through some intermediate combinatory
logic which generates the actual control signals. This allows
a few bits of a microinstruction to determine several control
signals and ensure that only valid combinations of those
signals are generated (e.g. a field may be decoded to determine
which unit drives the bus). The disadvantage with vertical
encoding is that the encoding is usually fixed and takes extra
time compared with horizontal encoding which allows any
combination of signals to be generated and takes no time to
decode.

The alternative to a microcoded processor is a {hard-wired}
one where the control signals are generated directly from the
bits of the {machine code} instruction. This is more common
in modern {RISC} architectures because it is faster.

Microcode is usually stored in {ROM} chips though some
processors (e.g. the {Orion}) use fast RAM, making them
dynamically microprogrammable.

(1996-11-26)


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英文字典中文字典相关资料:


  • Microsoft MakeCode for micro:bit
    A Blocks JavaScript code editor for the micro:bit powered by Microsoft MakeCode
  • Microcode - Wikipedia
    The basic idea behind microcode is to replace the custom hardware logic implementing the instruction sequencing with a series of simple instructions run in a "microcode engine" in the processor
  • Introduction to MicroCode - Forward Education
    MicroCode is a graphical programming language you can use to code the micro:bit Instead of writing block-based code with text, you create programs by connecting a series of picture-based tiles This makes it even easier for beginners or pre-readers to get started with coding!
  • Definition of microcode | PCMag
    Microcode enables the computer designer to create machine instructions without having to design electronic circuits Writing microcode is called "microprogramming," and the microcode for a given
  • Demystifying Microcode: How Firmware Powers the Modern Computer . . .
    Microcode consists of firmware instructions built into CPUs that translate machine operations into electronic signals Pioneers like Maurice Wilkes, David Wheeler, and others conceptualized microcode in the late 1940s and built the first microprogrammed computers in the 1950s
  • User Guide | Microsoft MicroCode
    MicroCode has moved to https: microbit-apps github io microcode-classic docs manual
  • Microcode - HandWiki
    In processor design, microcode serves as an intermediary layer situated between the central processing unit (CPU) hardware and the programmer-visible instruction set architecture of a computer
  • Microcode - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Microcode is the name for a number of instructions or data structures which are involved in implementing higher-level machine language in many processors, especially microprogrammed ones
  • Microcode - Glossary
    Microcode, also known as firmware or microprogramming, is a low-level set of instructions that govern the operations of a computer’s central processing unit (CPU)





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