assimilation 音标拼音: [əs
, ɪməl'eʃən]
n . 同化,同化作用,消化
同化,同化作用,消化
assimilation 同化
assimilation n 1 :
the state of being assimilated ;
people of different backgrounds come to see themselves as part of a larger national family 2 :
the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another [
synonym : {
assimilation }, {
absorption }]
3 :
the process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion [
synonym : {
assimilation }, {
absorption }]
4 :
a linguistic process by which a sound becomes similar to an adjacent sound 5 :
the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure [
synonym : {
acculturation }, {
assimilation }]
6 :
in the theories of Jean Piaget :
the application of a general schema to a particular instance Photosynthesis \
Pho `
to *
syn "
the *
sis \,
n . (
Plant Physiol .)
The process of constructive metabolism in which green plants utilize the energy of sunlight to manufacture carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll .
It was formerly called {
assimilation },
but this is now commonly used as in animal physiology . --
{
Pho `
to *
syn *
thet "
ic },
a . -- {
Pho `
to *
syn *
thet "
ic *
al *
ly },
adv .
[
Webster 1913 Suppl .]
Note :
In green plants water is absorbed by the roots and carried to the leaves by the xylem ,
and carbon dioxide is obtained from air that enters the leaves through the stomata and diffuses to the cells containing chlorophyll .
The green pigment chlorophyll is uniquely capable of converting the active energy of light into a latent form that can be stored (
in food )
and used when needed .
The initial process in photosynthesis is the decomposition of water (
H2O )
into oxygen ,
which is released ,
and hydrogen ;
direct light is required for this process .
The hydrogen and the carbon and oxygen of carbon dioxide (
CO2 )
are then converted into a series of increasingly complex compounds that result finally in a stable organic compound ,
glucose (
C6H12O6 ),
and water .
This phase of photosynthesis utilizes stored energy and therefore can proceed in the dark .
The simplified equation used to represent this overall process is 6CO2 12H2O energy =
C6H12O6 6O2 6H2 O .
In general ,
the results of this process are the reverse of those in respiration ,
in which carbohydrates are oxidized to release energy ,
with the production of carbon dioxide and water .
The intermediary reactions before glucose is formed involve several enzymes ,
which react with the coenzyme ATP (
see adenosine triphosphate )
to produce various molecules .
Studies using radioactive carbon have indicated that among the intermediate products are three -
carbon molecules from which acids and amino acids ,
as well as glucose ,
are derived .
--
http ://
www .
infoplease .
com /
ce6 /
sci /
A0860378 .
html Note :
The role of chlorophyll Chlorophyll contains a hydrophyllic head group and a hydrophobic tail region .
A magnesium atom is held in the center of a cyclic ,
conjugated double bond porphyrin ring which is responsible for absorbing red light . (
There also is an absorption band in the blue .
Thus red and blue are absorbed and green passes through ,
giving plants a characteristic green color .)
Light is absorbed by antenna chlorophyll molecules ,
then transferred to the reaction center chlorophylls .
Some hundreds of antenna chlorophyll molecules transfer energy to a reaction center ,
with transfer times of about 10 -
10 sec from the edge of the unit to the center .
The energy from light is used to pump H ions from the stroma into the thylakoid space and to reduce NADP to NADPH .
Flow of H back into the stroma releases energy which is used to phosphorylate ADP to ATP .
The chemiosmotic coupling is working here in a similar way to the mechanism of ATP generation used in mitochondria .
Carbon Fixation Carbon fixation is catalyzed by ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (
RuBP carboxylase ),
the world '
s most abundent enzyme .
The {
Calvin cycle }
combines three carbon dioxide molecules into one molecule of three carbon glyceraldehyde 3 -
phosphate .
Some plants ,
particularly many which live in hot ,
dry climates ,
have a mechanism for storing carbon dioxide by combining it with a three carbon molecule to form a four carbon molecule .
This pathway is known as the C4 or Hatch -
Slack pathway .
--
http ://
fig .
cox .
miami .
edu /
Faculty /
Tom /
bil255 /
bil255sum98 /
17_photo .
html [
PJC ]
Phototaxis
Assimilation \
As *
sim `
i *
la "
tion \,
n . [
L .
assimilatio :
cf .
F .
assimilation .]
1 .
The act or process of assimilating or bringing to a resemblance ,
likeness ,
or identity ;
also ,
the state of being so assimilated ;
as ,
the assimilation of one sound to another .
[
1913 Webster ]
To aspire to an assimilation with God . --
Dr .
H .
More .
[
1913 Webster ]
The assimilation of gases and vapors . --
Sir J .
Herschel .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 . (
Physiol .)
The conversion of nutriment into the fluid or solid substance of the body ,
by the processes of digestion and absorption ,
whether in plants or animals .
[
1913 Webster ]
Not conversing the body ,
not repairing it by assimilation ,
but preserving it by ventilation .
--
Sir T .
Browne .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
The term assimilation has been limited by some to the final process by which the nutritive matter of the blood is converted into the substance of the tissues and organs .
[
1913 Webster ]
290 Moby Thesaurus words for "
assimilation ":
Americanization ,
Anschluss ,
ablation ,
about -
face ,
absorbency ,
absorbent ,
absorption ,
accommodation ,
accordance ,
acculturation ,
adaptation ,
addition ,
adjustment ,
admissibility ,
admission ,
adoption ,
adsorbent ,
adsorption ,
affiliation ,
agglomeration ,
aggregation ,
agreement ,
alchemy ,
alikeness ,
alliance ,
allophone ,
alveolar ,
amalgamation ,
analogy ,
apico -
alveolar ,
apico -
dental ,
aping ,
apperception ,
approach ,
approximation ,
articulation ,
aspiration ,
assimilation ,
association ,
assumption ,
attrition ,
attunement ,
awareness ,
basal metabolism ,
becoming ,
bilabial ,
bile ,
blend ,
blending ,
blotter ,
blotting ,
blotting paper ,
burning up ,
cabal ,
cacuminal ,
cartel ,
catabolism ,
centralization ,
cerebral ,
change ,
change -
over ,
check ,
chemisorption ,
chemosorption ,
citizenship by naturalization ,
citizenship papers ,
closeness ,
coalescence ,
coalition ,
coaptation ,
combination ,
combine ,
combo ,
community ,
comparability ,
comparison ,
completeness ,
composition ,
comprehension ,
comprehensiveness ,
comprisal ,
confederacy ,
confederation ,
conformity ,
congeries ,
conglomeration ,
conjugation ,
conjunction ,
consciousness ,
consolidation ,
consonant ,
conspiracy ,
consumption ,
continuant ,
conversion ,
coordination ,
copying ,
correspondence ,
coverage ,
culture shock ,
dental ,
depletion ,
digestion ,
digestive system ,
diphthong ,
dissimilation ,
drain ,
eating up ,
ecumenism ,
eligibility ,
embodiment ,
embracement ,
encompassment ,
endosmosis ,
engrossment ,
enosis ,
envisagement ,
epenthetic vowel ,
erosion ,
exhaustion ,
exhaustiveness ,
exosmosis ,
expending ,
expenditure ,
explosive ,
federalization ,
federation ,
finishing ,
flip -
flop ,
fusion ,
gastric juice ,
gastrointestinal tract ,
glide ,
glottal ,
glottalization ,
growth ,
guttural ,
harmonization ,
hookup ,
identification ,
identity ,
imbibing ,
imitation ,
impoverishment ,
inclusion ,
inclusiveness ,
incorporation ,
infiltration ,
ingestion ,
integration ,
intestinal juice ,
junction ,
junta ,
labial ,
labialization ,
labiodental ,
labiovelar ,
lapse ,
laryngeal ,
lateral ,
league ,
likeness ,
likening ,
lingual ,
liquid ,
liver ,
manner of articulation ,
marriage ,
meld ,
melding ,
membership ,
merger ,
metabolism ,
metaphor ,
mimicking ,
mindfulness ,
modification ,
monophthong ,
morphophoneme ,
mute ,
nasal ,
nationalization ,
naturalization ,
naturalized citizenship ,
nearness ,
occlusive ,
openness ,
osmosis ,
package ,
package deal ,
palatal ,
pancreas ,
pancreatic digestion ,
pancreatic juice ,
papers ,
parallelism ,
parasitic vowel ,
parity ,
participation ,
passage ,
peak ,
percolation ,
pharyngeal ,
pharyngealization ,
phone ,
phoneme ,
plosive ,
predigestion ,
progress ,
prothetic vowel ,
re -
formation ,
reception ,
reconcilement ,
reconciliation ,
reconversion ,
reduction ,
regulation ,
resemblance ,
resolution ,
retroflex ,
reversal ,
saliva ,
salivary digestion ,
salivary glands ,
sameness ,
secondary digestion ,
seepage ,
segmental phoneme ,
semblance ,
semivowel ,
shift ,
similarity ,
simile ,
similitude ,
simulation ,
soaking -
up ,
solidification ,
sonant ,
sonority ,
sorption ,
speech sound ,
spending ,
sponge ,
sponging ,
squandering ,
squaring ,
stop ,
surd ,
switch ,
switch -
over ,
syllabic nucleus ,
syllabic peak ,
syllable ,
synchronization ,
syncretism ,
syndication ,
syneresis ,
synthesis ,
taking -
in ,
tie -
up ,
timing ,
tolerance ,
toleration ,
transformation ,
transit ,
transition ,
transition sound ,
triphthong ,
turning into ,
unification ,
union ,
using up ,
velar ,
vocable ,
vocalic ,
vocoid ,
voice ,
voiced sound ,
voiceless sound ,
voicing ,
volte -
face ,
vowel ,
wastage ,
waste ,
wastefulness ,
wasting away ,
wearing away ,
wearing down ,
wedding ,
whole
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