phenicia
n . 腓尼基
腓尼基
Phenicia n 1 :
an ancient maritime country (
a collection of city states )
at eastern end of the Mediterranean [
synonym : {
Phoenicia },
{
Phenicia }]
Phenicia (
Acts 21 :
2 ) =
Phenice (
11 :
19 ;
15 :
3 ;
R .
V .,
Phoenicia ),
Gr .
phoinix , "
a palm ",
the land of palm -
trees ;
a strip of land of an average breadth of about 20 miles along the shores of the Mediterranean ,
from the river Eleutherus in the north to the promotory of Carmel in the south ,
about 120 miles in length .
This name is not found in the Old Testament ,
and in the New Testament it is mentioned only in the passages above referred to .
"
In the Egyptian inscriptions Phoenicia is called Keft ,
the inhabitants being Kefa ;
and since Keft -
ur ,
or '
Greater Phoenicia ,'
was the name given to the delta of the Nile from the Phoenician colonies settled upon it ,
the Philistines who came from Caphtor or Keft -
ur must have been of Phoenician origin "
(
comp .
Deut .
2 :
23 ;
Jer .
47 :
4 ;
Amos 9 :
7 ).,
Sayce '
s Bible and the Monuments .
Phoenicia lay in the very centre of the old world ,
and was the natural entrepot for commerce with foreign nations .
It was the "
England of antiquity ." "
The trade routes from all Asia converged on the Phoenician coast ;
the centres of commerce on the Euphrates and Tigris forwarding their goods by way of Tyre to the Nile ,
to Arabia ,
and to the west ;
and ,
on the other hand ,
the productions of the vast regions bordering the Mediterranean passing through the Canaanite capital to the eastern world ."
It was "
situate at the entry of the sea ,
a merchant of the people for many isles " (
Ezek .
27 :
3 ,
4 ).
The far -
reaching commercial activity of the Phoenicians ,
especially with Tarshish and the western world ,
enriched them with vast wealth ,
which introduced boundless luxury and developed among them a great activity in all manner of arts and manufactures . (
See {
TYRE }.)
The Phoenicians were the most enterprising merchants of the old world ,
establishing colonies at various places ,
of which Carthage was the chief .
They were a Canaanite branch of the race of Ham ,
and are frequently called Sidonians ,
from their principal city of Sidon .
None could "
skill to hew timber like unto the Sidonians " (
1 Kings 5 :
6 ).
King Hiram rendered important service to Solomon in connection with the planning and building of the temple ,
casting for him all the vessels for the temple service ,
and the two pillars which stood in the front of the porch ,
and "
the molten sea " (
1 Kings 7 :
21 -
23 ).
Singular marks have been found by recent exploration on the great stones that form the substructure of the temple .
These marks ,
both painted and engraved ,
have been regarded as made by the workmen in the quarries ,
and as probably intended to indicate the place of these stones in the building . "
The Biblical account (
1 Kings 5 :
17 ,
18 )
is accurately descriptive of the massive masonry now existing at the south -
eastern angle (
of the temple area ),
and standing on the native rock 80 feet below the present surface .
The Royal Engineers found ,
buried deeply among the rubbish of many centuries ,
great stones ,
costly and hewed stones ,
forming the foundation of the sanctuary wall ;
while Phoenician fragments of pottery and Phoenician marks painted on the massive blocks seem to proclaim that the stones were prepared in the quarry by the cunning workmen of Hiram ,
the king of Tyre ." (
See {
TEMPLE }.)
The Phoenicians have been usually regarded as the inventors of alphabetic writing .
The Egyptians expressed their thoughts by certain symbols ,
called "
hieroglyphics ",
i .
e .,
sacred carvings ,
so styled because used almost exclusively on sacred subjects .
The recent discovery ,
however ,
of inscriptions in Southern Arabia (
Yemen and Hadramaut ),
known as Hemyaritic ,
in connection with various philogical considerations ,
has led some to the conclusion that the Phoenician alphabet was derived from the Mineans (
admitting the antiquity of the kingdom of Ma '
in ,
Judg .
10 :
12 ;
2 Chr .
26 :
7 ).
Thus the Phoenician alphabet ceases to be the mother alphabet .
Sayce thinks "
it is more than possible that the Egyptians themselves were emigrants from Southern Arabia ."
(
See MOABITE {
STONE }.)
"
The Phoenicians were renowned in ancient times for the manufacture of glass ,
and some of the specimens of this work that have been preserved are still the wonder of mankind ...
In the matter of shipping ,
whether ship -
building be thought of or traffic upon the sea ,
the Phoenicians surpassed all other nations ." "
The name Phoenicia is of uncertain origin ,
though it may be derived from Fenkhu ,
the name given in the Egyptian inscriptions to the natives of Palestine .
Among the chief Phoenician cities were Tyre and Sidon ,
Gebal north of Beirut ,
Arvad or Arados and Zemar ."
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